Bladder outflow obstruction is associated with anterior vaginal wall prolapse, though

there is no clear cutpoint of anterior prolapse check details which predicts obstruction.”
“Study Design. Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected database.

Objective. To analyze the rate of complications, including neurologic deficits, associated with operative treatment of pediatric isthmic and dysplastic spondylolisthesis.

Summary of Background Data. Pediatric isthmic and dysplastic spondylolisthesis are relatively uncommon disorders. Several prior studies have suggested a high rate of complication associated with operative intervention. How ever, most of these studies were performed with sufficiently small sample sizes such that the presence of one complication could significantly affect the overall rate. The Scoliosis Research Society (SRS) prospectively collects morbidity

and mortality (M&M) data from its members. This multicentered, multisurgeon database permits analysis of the surgical treatment of this relatively rare condition on an aggregate scale and provides surgeons with useful information for preoperative counseling.

Methods. Patients who underwent surgical treatment for isthmic or dysplastic spondylolisthesis from 2004 to 2007 were identified from the SRS M&M database. Inclusion criteria for analysis included age <= 21 and a primary diagnosis of isthmic or dysplastic spondylolisthesis.

Results. Of 25,432 pediatric cases reported, there were a total of 605 (2.4%) cases of pediatric dysplastic (n = 62, 10%) and IPI-145 supplier isthmic (n = 543, 90%) spondylolisthesis, with a mean age of 15 years (range, 4-21). Approximately 50% presented with neural element compression, and less than 1% of cases were revisions. Surgical procedures included fusions in 92%, osteotomies in 39%, and reductions in 38%. The overall complication rate was 10.4%. The most common complications included postoperative neurologic deficit (n = 31, 5%), dural tear (n = 8, 1.3%), and wound infection (n = 12, 2%). Perioperative deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolus

were reported in 2 (0.3%) and 1 (0.2%) patients, respectively. There were no deaths in this series.

Conclusion. Pediatric isthmic and Fosbretabulin dysplastic spondylolisthesis are relatively uncommon disorders, representing only 2.4% of pediatric spine procedures in the present study. Even among experienced spine surgeons, surgical treatment of these spinal conditions is associated with a relatively high morbidity.”
“This manuscript outlines estimated risk and clinical course of pretransplant MM, donor-transmitted MM and de novo MM posttransplantation and includes an analysis of risk factors for metastasis, data from clinical studies and current and proposed management. MM in situ and thin melanoma (< 1 mm) in the transplant population has similar recurrence and survival estimates to those in the general population.

Haplotype analysis showed that the “”GCAGCG”" haplotype (HAP2) was overrepresented in LSS patients (P = 0.023, odds ratio [OR] = 1.86), especially in those with severe stenosis (P = 0.018, OR = 1.98). In addition, the “”TCAGCG”" haplotype (HAP4) was overrepresented in controls (P = 0.042, OR = 0.52).

Conclusion. Although no SNPs in COL9A2 were associated with LSS, a COL9A2 haplotype (HAP2) was significantly associated with LSS in the Korean population, whereas another haplotype (HAP4) may play a protective role against LSS development.

However, the genetic functions of COL9A2 haplotypes in LSS remain to be determined.”
“The adaptational characteristics due to long-term adaptation in the natural habitats of common reed (Phragmites communis Trin.) contrasted considerably among three different ecotypes: dune reed (DR), Gobi salt reed (GSR) and swamp reed (SR). The micromorphologies A-1155463 cell line of leaf adaxial surfaces showed tapered setae and a non-smooth surface in DR, compound papillose structures with wax and hairs in GSR, but only papillose structures for the smooth surface of SR. Anatomical analysis showed that DR and GSR had higher bundle-sheath cell areas and a lower xylem/phloem ratio than SR. There were many sclerenchyma cells in vascular bundle of DR and GSR and crystal idioblasts find protocol in all ecotypes. Chloroplasts had ellipsoid

shape in SR, but they were attached to the cell wall with oblong shape and contained many starch grains in DR and GSR. Higher concentrations of NO, H2O2 and lipid peroxidation, higher ratio of carotenoids/chlorophyll and higher activities in T-AOC and SOD were found in DR and GSR. Na+/K+-ATPase and Ca2+/Mg2+-ATPase activities

were greatest in GSR. All these data suggested that the greater relative stress tolerance of DR and GSR was due to a combination of morpho-anatomical adaptational characteristics and physio-chemical responses, and indicated the different mechanisms in their respective natural habitats. (C) 2011 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.”
“Introduction: Rotavirus vaccines were introduced into the funded Australian National Immunization Program (NIP) in July 2007. Due to purchasing www.selleckchem.com/products/hsp990-nvp-hsp990.html arrangements, individual states and territories chose either a 2-dose RV1 (Rotarix, GSK) regimen or 3-dose RV5 (Rotateq, Merck/CSL) regimen. This allowed comparison of both vaccines in similar populations with high infant vaccination coverage.

Methods: Admission and rotavirus identification data from the major pediatric hospitals in 3 states (2 using RV5, 1 RV1), together with state-based hospitalization and vaccination data from Queensland (RV5) were analyzed for the years before, and up to 30 months following rotavirus vaccine introduction. Emergency encounters and short-stay unit admissions for gastroenteritis are also described.

Results: Rotavirus vaccine coverage in Australia is high, with 87% of infants receiving at least I dose.

The measurements were performed using cone/plate, plate/plate, and Couette geometries to assess the influence of the contact surface of the samples with air on their crosslinking behavior. The crosslinking process of the investigated polysilazanes in ambient atmosphere was found to occur faster than that in inert atmosphere. DSC and FTIR-spectroscopic investigations indicate that hydrolysis and polycondensation processes

FK506 molecular weight occur in both polysilazanes when crosslinked in air. Interestingly, the effect of moisture was found to be more pronounced in the case of the urea derivative. The evolution of the measured complex viscosity and dynamic moduli supported this finding. Furthermore, the variation of the time derivative of complex viscosity (d eta*/dt) emphasizes structural changes during crosslinking of the samples which were ascribed to their contact with the ambient atmosphere. HDAC inhibitor This study emphasizes the high potential of rheometry in investigating the crosslinking behavior of polymers in inert and ambient atmosphere. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 119:

794-802, 2011″
“Umbilical cord abnormalities are accepted as conditions associated with intrauterine fetal demise (IUFD), and umbilical cord stricture is most frequently encountered. In addition, although cord entanglement with multiple loops rarely increases the perinatal mortality, it is associated with a significant increase in variable kind of morbidity such as growth restriction. We describe a 27-year-old woman, with a missed abortion S3I-201 concentration history at about 10 weeks’ gestation in her first pregnancy, who presented to our outpatient department at 34 4/7 weeks of gestation due to decreased fetal activity during the preceding week. No fetal heart activity and blood flow had been detected by ultrasonography and pulsed-wave Doppler. A demised fetus with umbilical cord stricture and three loops around abdomen

was delivered and was weighted 1,830 g that was below the tenth percentile for the gestational age. Either umbilical cord stricture or entanglement around the body can affect the development of the fetus and even be lethal. The former might play a more important role in this case. Their etiology and the sequence of the events are still undetermined, and additional evaluation such as autopsy and further research may be needed. In addition, counsel and frequent fetal surveillance should be done in patients with previous IUFD attributed to cord stricture during next pregnancy because of undetermined risk of recurrence.”
“In this paper, lead-free (Na(0.5)K(0.)5)NbO3 ceramics doped with 1 mol % CuNb2O6 ceramics have been prepared by the conventional mixed oxide method with sintering temperature at 1075 degrees C.

Nanochannels with aspect ratio up to 172 and width down to 44 nm were successfully fabricated on a 4-inch Si wafer with width nonuniformity less than 13.6%. A microfluidic chip integrated with nanometer-sized filters was successfully fabricated by utilizing the present method for geometric-controllable nanoparticle packing. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3683164]“
“Objective: To compare the energy expenditure of increased lateral trunk lean walking a suggested method of reducing medial compartment knee joint load compared to normal

walking in a population of older adults with medial knee osteoarthritis (OA).

Method: Participants completed two randomly-presented treadmill walking conditions: 15 mm of normal walking or walking with ten degrees of peak lateral trunk lean. Lateral trunk lean angle was displayed in front of the participant in real-time during treadmill conditions. Fosbretabulin molecular weight Energy expenditure (V02 and METs), heart rate (HR), peak lateral trunk lean angle, knee pain and perceived exertion were measured and differences between

conditions were compared using paired t-tests.

Results: Twelve participants (five males, mean (standard deviation (SD)) age 64.1 (9.4) years, body mass index (BMI) 28.3 (4.9) kg/m(2)) participated. All measures were significantly elevated in the lateral trunk lean condition (P < 0.008), except for knee pain (P = 0.22). Oxygen consumption (V02) was, on average 9.5% (95% Cl 4.2-14.7%) higher, PD0332991 purchase and HR was on average 5.3 beats per minute (95% CI 1.7-9.0 bpm) higher during increased lateral trunk lean walking.

Conclusion: Increased lateral trunk lean walking on a treadmill resulted in significantly higher levels of AZD6244 cost steady-state energy expenditure, HR, and perceived exertion, but no difference in knee pain. While increased lateral trunk lean has been shown to reduce biomechanical measures of joint loading relevant to OA progression, it should be prescribed with caution given the potential increase in energy expenditure experienced when

it is employed. (C) 2013 Osteoarthritis Research Society International. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Background: Understanding the relationship between the radii of the medial and lateral femoral condyles in varus and valgus knees is important for aligning the femoral component and for restoring kinematics in total knee arthroplasty. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that the asymmetry between the radii of the medial and lateral femoral condyles in varus and valgus knees with osteoarthritis is small enough to be clinically unimportant.

Methods: A magnetic resonance imaging scan was obtained with use of a biplanar, rotational alignment protocol in a consecutive series of subjects with end-stage osteoarthritis prior to total knee arthroplasty.

Cookie quality attributes measured included dough firmness, cookie break strength, cookie spread, surface colour, and textural shelf life analysis. Water mobility of cookie dough was also determined using proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance analysis. It was determined that the structured monoglyceride emulsion resulted in greater dough firmness, and decreased width and length values than doughs containing its unstructured components. However, cookies with all purpose shortening displayed superior quality attributes, selleck chemicals as expected. Crown

Copyright (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“The relationship between adipokines, such as leptin and adiponectin, and cartilage degeneration is being increasingly PRIMA-1MET recognized. We asked what the relationship is between these hormones and patient-reported knee osteoarthritis (OA) pain. We collected demographic data, Short Form McGill Pain scores, Western

Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) pain scores, and synovial fluid (SF) samples from 60 consecutive patients with severe knee OA at the time of joint replacement surgery. SF samples were analyzed for leptin and adiponectin using specific ELISA. Non-parametric correlations and linear regression modeling were used to identify the relationship between the adipokines and pain levels. The correlations between the individual adipokines and the pain scales were low to moderate and consistently less than that for the corresponding adiponectin/leptin (A/L) ratio. Linear regression modeling showed that the A/L ratio was a significant predictor of a greater level of pain on the MPQ-SF (p = 0.03) but not the WOMAC pain scale (p = 0.77). A greater A/L ratio was associated with less pain with severe knee OA and this metabolic pathway may represent a target for

novel therapeutics.”
“The aim of this study was to determine the antioxidant potency and total phenolic and flavonoid contents of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) in vitro by analysing the radical scavenging EPZ-6438 activity of lyophilised water extract from kiwifruit (LEK) for 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine (DMPD), and superoxide anion radical (O(2)(center dot-)) as well as the total reducing power by FRAP and CUPRAC assays and the metal chelating activities. LEK showed efficient radical scavenging activity with DPPH, ABTS, DMPD, and O(2)(center dot-) radicals; ferric (Fe(3+)) and cupric (Cu(2+)) ion reducing power and metal chelating activities.

We hereby review the salient features of the association between sleep and diabetes.”
“Prenatal diagnosis of coarctation may improve

survival, but little is known regarding its association with severity of left heart hypoplasia and surgical outcome. This study compared echocardiographic measurements of left heart structures, surgical strategies, and postoperative outcomes between neonates with a prenatal diagnosis of coarctation and those with a postnatal diagnosis. All the neonates who underwent coarctation repair during 2006-2010 were reviewed. The neonates with complex congenital heart disease or an unrestrictive ventricular septal defect requiring MEK162 cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) for closure were excluded from the study. Based on the time of diagnosis, the subjects were divided into the following three groups: group 1 (prenatal diagnosis), group 2 (diagnosis at 0-7 days), and group 3 (diagnosis at 8-28 days). The study population consisted of 46 neonates: 14 in group 1, 14 in group 2, and 18 in group 3. Compared with group 3, group 1 had a smaller left ventricular volume index, lower mitral and aortic valve diameter z-scores, and lower transverse arch z-scores. Compared with group 2, group 1 had smaller aortic valve PD173074 chemical structure z-scores but otherwise had similar

measurements. At repair, 64 % of the neonates in group 1 required CPB versus 29 % in group 2 (p = 0.12) and 22 % in group 3 (p = 0.03). All the neonates underwent biventricular repair, with no surgical mortality. Group 1 had a hospital stay of 13.4 +/- A 10.8 versus 7.5 +/- A 4.2 days in group 2 (p = 0.06) and 7.3 +/- A 4.5 days in group 3 (p = 0.03). The neonates with prenatally diagnosed coarctation had smaller left heart structures than the neonates with coarctation diagnosed after the first week of age, were more likely to require extensive arch reconstruction under CPB, and had longer hospital stays.”
“Propylthiouracil- (PTU-) induced hepatotoxicity is rare but potentially lethal with a spectrum of liver injury ranging

from asymptomatic elevation https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ly2606368.html of transaminases to fulminant hepatic failure and death. We describe two cases of acute hepatic failure due to PTU that required liver transplantation. Differences in the clinical presentation, histological characteristics, and posttransplant management are described as well as alternative therapeutic options. Frequent monitoring for PTU-induced hepatic dysfunction is strongly advised because timely discontinuation of this drug and implementation of noninvasive therapeutic interventions may prevent progression to liver failure or even death.”
“In patients with surgically repaired tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), reported peak oxygen consumption (VO2) is decreased compared with control subjects. The measurement of exercise cardiac output (CO) could be a useful adjunct for assessing cardiovascular fitness.

Until June 2007, 516 verified incident colorectal adenomas were identified. Participants with negative colonoscopy (n

= 3966) were also included in the analytic cohort. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression was used to examine the association between colorectal adenoma risk and intake of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx), and 2-amino-3,4,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (DiMeIQx).

Results: In multivariate analyses, the intake of PhIP as the most abundant dietary HCA was associated with an increased risk of colorectal adenoma (relative risk: 1.47; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.93; quartile 4 compared with quartile 1; P for trend = 0.002), but no statistically selleck chemical significant associations were observed for MeIQx and DiMeIQx intakes. In addition, adenoma risk also increased with the consumption of strongly or extremely browned meat (P for trend = 0.04). The association of PhIP intake Cell Cycle inhibitor with adenoma risk was most pronounced for small adenomas (P for trend = 0.01) and adenomas localized in the distal colon (P for trend = 0.002).

Conclusion: The results of this first European cohort study support data from case-control studies of a positive association between HCA intake and colorectal

adenoma risk. Am J Clin Nutr 2009;89:1418-24.”
“Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) hollow fibers were pretreated with ammonium dibasic phosphate aqueous solution, then further oxidized in air, carbonized in nitrogen, and activated with carbon dioxide. The effects of pretreatment concentration Of ammonium dibasic phosphate aqueous solution on the microstructure, specific surface, pore size distribution, and adsorption properties of PAN-based activated carbon hollow fibers (PAN-ACHF) were studied in this work. After the activation process, the Brunaner-Emmett-Teller

(BET) surface area of the PAN-ACHF and Surface area of mesopores in the PAN-ACHF increases and reaches 513 m(2) g (1) and 66 m(2) g(-1) respectively when the concentration of ammonium dibasic phosphate aqueous solution is 4%, (wt %). The adsorptions SCH727965 mw to creatinine are much high, reach more than 90% over all the concentration Of ammonium dibasic phosphate aqueous solution. The adsorptions to VB12 of PAN-ACHF reach 86% when the concentration of ammonium dibasic phosphate aqueous solution is 4% (wt %). The dominant pore sizes of mesopores in PAN-ACHF range from 2 to 5 nm. (C) 2010 Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 116: 2023-2028, 2010″
“High-moment synthetic antiferromagnetic (SAF) nanoparticles were produced using 4 in. diameter stamps made by self-assembly and nanosphere lithography of latex nanospheres. This leads to a significant increase in particle yield over a pre-existing technique which utilizes a 1 cm(2) stamp patterned using e-beam lithography.

“
“Purpose: To prospectively compare tumor volume, relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV), and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and short-term changes of these parameters as predictors of time to malignant transformation and time ABT-263 inhibitor to death in patients with low-grade gliomas (LGGs).

Materials and Methods: Patients gave written informed consent for this institutional ethics committee-approved study. Patients with histologically proved LGGs underwent conventional, perfusion-weighted, and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging

at study entry and at 6 months. At both time points, tumor volume, maximum rCBV, and ADC histogram measures were calculated. Patient follow-up consisted of MR imaging every 6 months and clinical examinations. To investigate MLN4924 the association between MR imaging variables and time to progression and time to death, a Cox regression curve was applied at study entry and at 6 months. The models were corrected for age, sex, and histologic findings.

Results: Thirty-four patients (22 men, 12 women; mean age, 42 years)

with histologically proved LGGs (eight oligodendrogliomas, 20 astrocytomas, and six oligoastrocytomas) were followed up clinically and radiologically for a median of 2.6 years (range, 0.4-5.5 years). Tumor growth over the course of 6 months was the best predictor STI571 order of time to transformation, independent of rCBV, diffusion histogram parameters, age, sex, and histologic findings. When only single-time-point measurements were compared, tumor volume helped predict outcome best and was the only independent

predictor of time to death (P < .02).

Conclusion: Six-month tumor growth helps predict outcome in patients with LGG better than parameters derived from perfusion-or diffusion-weighed MR imaging. Tumor growth can readily be calculated from volume measurements on images acquired with standard MR imaging protocols and may well prove most useful among various MR imaging findings in clinical practice. (C) RSNA, 2009″
“Use of selenium enriched foods, supplements and fertilizers has increased markedly in recent years in the US and other Western countries because of the perception that the anti-oxidant properties of selenium could potentially reduce the risk of cancer and other chronic diseases. However, concern has been raised recently about possible adverse cardiometabolic effects of high selenium exposure, including an increased risk of diabetes and hyperlipidemia with high selenium intake. Hence, from a public health perspective, the relationship between selenium status and cardiometabolic health should be clarified in order to help guide consumers in their choices of nutritional supplements and enriched food products.

We evaluated the heterochromatin associated with chromosomes in 50 leukemia patients,

93 drug addicts and 93 healthy controls from Tehran, Iran. Barium hydroxide saline Giemsa staining was used to examine heterochromatin polymorphism of selleck chromosomes 1, 9 and 16 in lymphocyte cultures. There were significant differences in this polymorphism in lymphocytes from drug addicts and leukemia patients compared to healthy controls. These polymorphisms could serve as markers for the detection and characterization of chromosome damage in leukemia patients and drug addicts.”
“We calculate the collision cross section of a charged finite cylinder (nanowire) with a beam of ions and electrons in collisionless plasma. We find that, while the shape and area of the cross section has complex dependence on the charge and orientation of the nanowire relative to the charged beam, its orientational average has a remarkably simple form: for attractive interactions, it is a linear function of the electrostatic ratio q(j)q(p)e(2)/4 pi epsilon(0)L(0)kT, where q(j)e is the charge of the ions/electrons, q(p)e is the charge on the cylinder, L(0) is the half-length of the TH-302 nanowire, T is the temperature of the charged species, and epsilon(0) is the permittivity of free space. This linearity persists into the repulsive regime up until the cross sectional area is reduced to about 5% of its value for neutral

collisions. We calculate the corresponding charging currents

and show that the charging behavior of the nanowire in Maxwellian plasma is described by an equivalent sphere whose radius depends only on the aspect ratio of the nanowire. For small aspect ratios, the equivalent sphere has the same surface area as the nanowire. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3483300]“
“Acute effects of sex steroid hormones likely contribute to the observation that post-pubescent males have shorter QT intervals than females. However, the specific role for hormones in modulating cardiac electrophysiological parameters and arrhythmia vulnerability is unclear. Here we use a computational modeling approach to incorporate experimentally measured effects of physiological concentrations of testosterone, estrogen and progesterone on cardiac ion channel CP-868596 chemical structure targets. We then study the hormone effects on ventricular cell and tissue dynamics comprised of Faber-Rudy computational models. The “”female” model predicts changes in action potential duration (APD) at different stages of the menstrual cycle that are consistent with clinically observed QT interval fluctuations. The “”male” model predicts shortening of APD and QT interval at physiological testosterone concentrations. The model suggests increased susceptibility to drug-induced arrhythmia when estradiol levels are high, while testosterone and progesterone are apparently protective.

Ginger supplementation in the diet before I/R injury resulted in higher total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and lower total oxidant status (TOS) levels than I/R group. The ginger supplemented diet prior to I/R process demonstrated marked reduction of the histological features of renal injury. The findings imply that ROS play a causal role in I/R-induced renal injury, and ginger exerts renoprotective effects probably by the radical scavenging and antioxidant activities.”
“Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is the principal cause of maternal death. Blood loss during delivery is often AZD4547 underestimated. The aim

of this study was to evaluate the validity of using an underbuttocks collection pouch in the diagnosis of PPH.

The study included a prospective series of 122 patients, over a period of 6 months, from May to October 2008. Variations in levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit during the Torin 2 chemical structure 48 h following the childbirth confirmed the diagnosis of PPH. The graduated underbuttocks pouch allowed us to evaluate blood loss. The diagnostic value of the pouch was analyzed.

Mean age of the patients was 29.3 years. Mean pregnancy

duration was 39.5 weeks of amenorrhea. Mean blood loss was 233.15 ml. Eighteen patients (14.7%) presented PPH and uterine arteries were embolized in two cases (1.6%). For a volume of 500 ml, the sensitivity of the pouch was 6.7%, and the specificity was 94.2%, The positive predictive value (PPV) was 66.7% and the negative predictive value (NPV) was 94.2%. For a threshold of 300 ml, sensitivity was 88.9%, specificity was 82.7%, the PPV was 47.0% and the NPV was 97.7%.

The underbuttocks collection pouch is a simple, cheap and effective way to make an early objective diagnosis of PPH. It allows medical staff to implement appropriate therapy quickly thus avoiding risks due to delay. The

diagnostic threshold to ensure optimal management remains to be determined.”
“The present study reports for the first time the metabolite profile and antioxidant selleck kinase inhibitor activity of aqueous extract obtained from Dracaena draco L. fruit. Volatiles profile was determined by HS-SPME/GC-IT-MS, with 9 compounds being identified, distributed by several distinct chemical classes: 1 alcohol, 3 aldehydes, 2 carotenoid derivatives, and 3 terpenic compounds. Aldehydes constituted the most abundant class in this exotic berry, representing 59% of total identified volatile compounds. Phenolics profile was determined by HPLC/DAD and 5 constituents were identified: 5-O-caffeoylquinic, 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic, ferulic and sinapic acids, and quercetin-3-O-rutinoside. The major phenolic compound is quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, comprising 42% of the total phenolic content. Organic acids composition was also characterized, by HPLC-UV, and oxalic, citric, L-ascorbic, malic, quinic and shikimic acids were determined.