This
further suggests that statins may be potentially useful as anti-cancer agents in the treatment of glioblastoma. Acknowledgements This work was supported by the High-Tech Research Center Project for Private Universities and a matching fund subsidy from MEXT (Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology), Japan, 2007-2011. References 1. DeAngelis LM: Brain tumors. N Engl J Med 2001, 344:114–123.PubMedCrossRef 2. Reardon DA, Wen PY: Therapeutic advances in the treatment of glioblastoma: rationale and potential role of targeted agents. Saracatinib in vivo Oncologist 2006, 11:152–164.PubMedCrossRef 3. Nishida S, Matsuoka H, Tsubaki M, Tanimori Y, Yanae M, Fujii Y, Iwaki buy Lenvatinib M: Mevastatin induces apoptosis in HL60 cells dependently on decrease in phosphorylated ERK. Mol Cell Biochem 2005, 269:109–114.PubMedCrossRef 4. Tsubaki M, Yamazoe Y, Yanae M, Satou T, Itoh T, Kaneko J, Kidera Y, Moriyama K, Nishida S: Blockade of the Ras/MEK/ERK and Ras/PI3K/Akt pathways by statins reduces the expression of bFGF, HGF, and TGF-β as angiogenic factors in mouse osteosarcoma. Cytokine 2011, 54:100–107.PubMedCrossRef 5. Wu J, Wong WW, Khosravi F, Minden MD, Penn LZ: Blocking the Raf/MEK/ERK pathway sensitizes
acute myelogenous leukemia cells to lovastatin-induced apoptosis. Cancer Res 2004, 64:6461–6468.PubMedCrossRef 6. Jiang Z, Zheng X, Lytle RA, Higashikubo R, Rich KM: Lovastatin-induced up-regulation of the BH3-only protein, Bim, and cell death in glioblastoma cells. J Neurochem 2004, 89:168–178.PubMedCrossRef 7. Koyuturk M, Ersoz M, Altiok N: Simvastatin induces proliferation inhibition and apoptosis in C6 glioma cells via c-jun N-terminal kinase. Neurosci Lett 2004, 370:212–217.PubMedCrossRef 8. Fujiwara K, Tsubaki M, Yamazoe Y, Nishiura S, Kawaguchi T, Ogaki M, Nishinobo M, Shimamoto K, Moriyama K, Nishida S: Fluvastatin induces apoptosis on human tongue carcinoma cell line HSC-3. Yakugaku Zasshi 2008, 128:153–158.PubMedCrossRef 9. Bouterfa HL, Sattelmeyer V, Czub S, Vordermark D, Roosen K, Tonn JC: Inhibition of Ras farnesylation
by lovastatin leads to downregulation of proliferation and migration in primary cultured human glioblastoma cells. Anticancer Res 2000, 20:2761–2771.PubMed 10. Cerezo-Guisado MI, García-Román N, not García-Marín LJ, Alvarez-Barrientos A, Bragado MJ, Lorenzo MJ: Lovastatin inhibits the extracellular-signal-regulated kinase pathway in immortalized rat brain neuroblasts. Biochem J 2007, 401:175–183.PubMedCrossRef 11. Taylor-Harding B, Orsulic S, Karlan BY, Li AJ: Fluvastatin and cisplatin demonstrate synergistic cytotoxicity in epithelial ovarian cancer cells. Gynecol Oncol 2010, 119:549–556.PubMedCrossRef 12. Lee MV, Fong EM, Singer FR, Guenette RS: Fosbretabulin Bisphosphonate treatment inhibits the growth of prostate cancer cells. Cancer Res 2001, 61:2602–2608.PubMed 13.