Methods: During urodynamics, bladder sensations were studied and compared in 59 patients: 21 patients with complete SCI below T6 and above Th12, 7 patients with a complete lesion of the conus medullaris, 11 patients with a complete lesion of the cauda equina, and 20 patients without neurological deficit. Results: Two of 7 patients with complete conus lesion had a

preserved filling sensation. Ten of 11 patients with complete Go 6983 supplier lesion of the cauda equina reported a bladder filling sensation. Sensations are perceived at a similar pressure threshold but at a higher volume threshold. Conclusions: In patients with a complete cauda or a lower conus lesion, a sensory input from the bladder is preserved. These findings imply that the preserved bladder filling sensation in complete cauda or lower conus lesions is possibly transferred through the intact hypogastric plexus to the thoracolumbar segments of the spinal cord. Copyright (c) 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel”
“Hf-rich hafnia-titania nanolaminate films with five HfO(2)-TiO(2) bilayer architectures (0.64 to 0.94 Hf atom fraction) were sputter deposited on unheated fused silica substrates, annealed post-deposition from 573 to 1273 K, and analyzed by x-ray diffraction to study phase selection and transition. Isochronal annealing for 1 h intervals from 573 to 1173

K produces weak crystallization into monoclinic (m) HfO(2) doped with Ti, i.e., m-Hf(1-x)Ti(x)O(2). The amount selleckchem of Ti incorporated into m-HfO(2) depends upon both architecture and overall stoichiometry, but in all but the coarsest architecture, CP-690550 exceeds the bulk solubility limit of x = 0.05. Initial annealing at 1273 K produces significant crystallization into a biphasic structure, m-Hf(1-x)Ti(x)O(2) and orthorhombic (o) HfTiO(4). From bulk phase equilibrium considerations, o-HfTiO(4) is expected to crystallize under conditions of interfacial bilayer mixing. However, upon further annealing at 1273 K, o-HfTiO(4) proves to be unstable. o-HfTiO(4) demixing inevitably

occurs independent of architecture and stoichiometry, resulting in final crystallization products after 96 h at 1273 K that are m-Hf(1-x)Ti(x)O(2) with x approximate to 0.05 and TiO(2) doped with Hf. We suggest that o-HfTiO(4) instability arises from a driving force to form domains similar to those found in the low temperature in/commensurate structures of ZrTiO(4). A detailed crystallographic group-subgroup analysis of the o (Pbcn) -> m (P2(1)/c) transition shows that these domains can be represented by an orientation twin in the latter structure and their creation can be achieved by a single step second-order phase transition. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3597321]“
“We included 3088 well-appearing infants aged between 3 and 36 months with fever without a source with a blood culture done as part of their study of fever.