In addition, the infra-generic classification of Macrolepiota is also discussed. Materials and methods Morphological Lenvatinib studies The examined materials were collected in China, and deposited in KUN (with HKAS numbers), HMAS, GDGM, BPI and HMJAU. Herbarium codes used follow Thiers (2010). Color Q-VD-Oph notations indicated in the descriptions are from Kornerup and Wanscher (1978), and Color codes are according to the Online Auction Color Chart™, indicated by ‘oac’ before a number. The descriptions

of species are in alphabetical order by species epithet. In the description, macromorphology is based on the field notes and color slides of the material; micromorphology is based on observation of the material under microscope. Melzer’s reagent was used to test the amyloidy of spores. Other structures (e.g. pileal structure, cheilocystidia and basidia) were observed in 5–10 % KOH and with Congo–red before making line drawings. The abbreviation [n/m/p] shall mean n basidiospores measured from m fruit bodies of p collections in 5–10 % KOH solution. At least 20 basidiospores were measured for each collection. Dimensions for basidiospores are given as (a-) b-c (-d). The range b-c contains a minimum of 90% of the measured values. Extreme values (a and d) are given in parentheses. Q is used to mean “length/width ratio” of a spore in side view; avQ means average Q of all basidiospores ± sample standard deviation. DNA isolation and

amplification selleck products new Genomic DNA was extracted from dried material. Small parts of the pileus tissue were ground in an eppendorf tube using a pestle. DNA was isolated with a modified Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) procedure of Doyle and Doyle (1987). ITS/5.8S rDNA were amplified using primers ITS1F and ITS4 (White

et al. 1990; Gardes and Bruns 1993). PCR was performed in a total volume of 25 μl containing 1 U Taq DNA polymerase, 2.5 μl of 10 × Taq polymerase reaction buffer, 1 μl of 25 mM magnesium chloride (QIAGEN Inc., Valencia, California, USA), 5 nmol of each dNTP, 0.6 μl of 10 μM each of the two primers and 1 μl of the DNA extract. PCR reactions were performed with 4 min initial denaturation at 95°C, followed by 34 cycles of 50 s at 94°C, 40 s at 53°C, 50 s at 72°C, and a final extension of 7 min at 72°C followed the last cycle. PCR products were purified using a QIAquick PCR purification kit (QIAGEN Inc., Valencia, California, USA). Sequencing was performed using a Bigdye terminator cycle sequencing kit (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, California, USA) following the manufacturer’s protocol. Sequencing primers for the ITS regions were ITS1F and ITS4. Sequencing reactions were purified using Pellet Paint (Novagen, Madison, Wisconsin, USA) and were run on an Applied Biosystems 377 XL automated DNA sequencer. Sequence chromatograms were compiled with Sequencher 4.1 software (GeneCodes Corporation, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA). Phylogenetic analyses Sequences were aligned using CLUSTAL X 1.