To evaluate the species’ current

status we surveyed five sites in the Mt Fanjing area between August 2007 and June 2008. These sites were identified from previous surveys and interviews with local officials and villagers. Four sub-populations, with a total of ca. 750 individuals, were located in mixed deciduous and evergreen broad leaf forest at 800-2200 m asl. identified threats to the species include (1) accidentally injured or killed by poaching, (2) loss or alteration of habitat through wood extraction, and (3) loss or alteration of habitat through economic activities, such as building projects and illegal mining. We recommend that several actions

GANT61 can be taken to alleviate the anthropogenic pressure on the ecosystem including: (1) designating specific forest reserve for sustainable wood extraction, (2) utilizing biogas to reduce firewood demands, (3) introducing local people to bamboo utilization for generate greater cash income, (4) educating for young people and encouraging them to work in developed areas, and (5) encouraging the villagers to move out the mountain. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a rare and fatal alpha-synucleinopathy characterized by a distinctive oligodendrogliopathy with glial cytoplasmic inclusions and associated neuronal multisystem degeneration. www.selleckchem.com/products/bms-345541.html check details The

majority of patients presents with a rapidly progressive parkinsonian disorder and atypical features such as early autonomic failure and cerebellar ataxia. We have previously reported that complete MSA pathology can be modeled in transgenic mice overexpressing oligodendroglial alpha-synuclein under conditions of oxidative stress induced by 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) including striatonigral degeneration, olivopontocerebellar atrophy, astrogliosis, and microglial activation. Here, we show that myeloperoxidase (MPO), a key enzyme involved in the production of reactive oxygen species by phagocytic cells, is expressed in both human and mouse MSA brains. We also demonstrate that in the MSA mouse model, MPO inhibition reduces motor impairment and rescues vulnerable neurons in striatum, substantia nigra pars compacta, cerebellar cortex, pontine nuclei, and inferior olives. MPO inhibition is associated with suppression of microglial activation but does not affect 3-NP induced astrogliosis in the same regions. Finally, MPO inhibition results in reduced intracellular aggregates of alpha-synuclein. This study suggests that MPO inhibition may represent a novel candidate treatment strategy against MSA-like neurodegeneration acting through its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties.