The dose and interval of vitamin D supplementation for improving the serum vitamin D levels of

children remain undetermined.30 Although some significant differences were selleck inhibitor observed, which indicate that a sufficient number of subjects were studied, a larger sample size with longer period of follow-up perhaps would have obtained more favorable results. The strengths of the present study are its novelty in the pediatric age group and the assessment of independent association of vitamin D with the risk factors studied. Vitamin D supplementation was inversely associated with insulin resistance and some cardiometabolic risk factors. Vitamin D supplementation may have beneficial effects on controlling some complications of childhood obesity. This trial was conducted

as a thesis funded by the Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. This study was conducted as a thesis funded by Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. The authors would like to thank the participants of the study and their families. “
“Social influence is one of the factors associated with practice of physical activity in adolescents,1 and is characterized by the influence exerted by parents, friends, teachers, and C59 wnt datasheet relatives, among other groups, on physical activity. This influence may occur either directly – through social support, and indirectly – through behavior modeling.2 and 3 The practice of physical activity and

social support from parents and friends represent forms of social influence most often studied in adolescents.4 and 5 The modeling of human behavior is one of the constructs of the theory of social learning and assumes that human behavior is acquired and modified from the observation of the behavior of and learning experiences from socially important people.5 and 6 In this sense, it is understood that the physical activity of parents and friends would act as a model Phospholipase D1 for the practice of adolescents.7 and 8 Thus, adolescents with physically active parents and/or friends are more likely to be more active. However, study results are still inconclusive in this regard.4 and 5 The physical activity of these two groups can also indirectly influence the physical activity of adolescents through social support. There is evidence that more physically active parents and friends offer more social support,4 and that social support is positively associated with physical activity among adolescents.6 Parents and friends may influence the adolescents’ participation in physical activities by providing different types of social support (by encouraging, stimulating, practicing together, providing transportation for the adolescents to the practice sites).9 Social support can also exert an indirect influence, increasing the perception of self-efficacy.