Oral Diseases (2011) 17, 755-770″
“Background: Post-traumatic tremor is one of the most common movement disorders resulting from severe head trauma. However, literature regarding successful deep brain stimulation (DBS) treatment is scarce, resulting in ambiguity regarding the optimal lead location. Most cases support the ventral intermediate nucleus, but there is evidence to defend DBS of the zona incerta,

ventral oralis anterior/posterior, and/or a combination of these targets. We report five patients with disabling post-traumatic tremor treated with DBS of the ventral intermediate selleck chemicals nucleus and of the globus pallidus internus.

Methods: Patients were referred to the Vanderbilt Movement Disorders Division, and surgical intervention was determined by a DBS Multidisciplinary Committee. Standard DBS procedure was followed.

Results: Patients 1-4 sustained severe diffuse axonal injuries. Patients 1-3 underwent unilateral ventral

intermediate nucleus DBS for contralateral tremor, while Patient 4 underwent bilateral ventral intermediate nucleus DBS. Patients 1-3 experienced good tremor reduction, while Patient 4 experienced moderate tremor reduction with some dystonic posturing of Selleck 4-Hydroxytamoxifen the hands. Patient 5 had dystonic posturing of the right upper AZD1152 clinical trial extremity with tremor of the left upper extremity. He was treated with bilateral DBS of the globus pallidus internus and showed good tremor reduction at follow-up.

Conclusion: Unilateral or bilateral DBS of the ventral intermediate

nucleus and bilateral DBS of the globus pallidus internus may be effective and safe treatment modalities for intractable post-traumatic tremor. Further studies are needed to clarify the optimal target for surgical treatment of post-traumatic tremor. Published by Elsevier Ltd.”
“The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in obesity is very high. The role of adiponectin receptors in NAFLD progression remains still unclear. We speculate that changes in the hepatic expression levels of the two adiponectin receptors may be associated with the expression of oxidative stress-related genes.

We studied 60 morbidly obese patients with NAFLD, who underwent liver biopsy at the time of bariatric surgery.