Monte−Carlo permutation tests were performed to test the significance of each set of environmental variables for structuring the arthropod

assemblages (Ter Braak and Šmilauer 1998). Table 1 Mean, standard deviation (SD) and range of the NVP-BSK805 chemical structure environmental characteristics across the sampling sites (n = 30) Environmental variable Mean (±SD) Minimum Maximum Elevation (m amsl) 8.41 (±0.75) 7.00 9.64 Flooding duration (days per year) 25.1 (±24.6) 7.10 106 Herb layer coverage (%) 90.9 (±17.9) 40.0 100 Average herb height (m) 0.31 (±0.26) 0.05 1.10 Clay content (<2 μm; %) 6.59 (±2.23) 1.78 11.3 Silt content (2–63 μm; %) 59.4 (±18.7) 17.3 84.0 Sand content (63–2000 μm; %) 34.0 (±20.6) 7.85 20.6 d50 (μm) 54.1 (±83.2) 8.51 292 Soil organic matter content (SOM; %) 11.4 (±2.8) 5.30 16.1 pH 7.65 (±0.16) 7.33 8.04 Soil moisture content (%) 36.9 (±7.6) 16.2 48.5 As (mg kg−1 dry wt) 8.17 (±3.31) 3.31 14.7 Cd (mg kg−1 dry wt) 1.17 (±0.80) 0.33 3.23 Cu (mg kg−1 dry wt) 35.9 (±17.2) 12.3 76.8 Cr (mg kg−1 dry wt) 42.8 (±24.8) 12.8 103 Hg (mg kg−1 dry wt) 0.94 (±0.64) 0.36 3.76 Ni (mg kg−1 dry wt) 21.8 (±6.94) 10.8 35.6 Pb (mg kg−1 dry wt) 77.4

(±33.0) 28.8 148 Zn (mg kg−1 dry wt) 205 (±91) 66.3 413 Results In total, 42,096 arthropods were collected (Tables 6, 7). The most abundant groups comprised the spiders (Araneae; 26%), beetles (Coleoptera; 21%), mites (Acari, 18%), ants click here (Formicidae; 14%), and isopods (Isopoda; 8%). For the beetles, 32 families and 9,009 individuals were identified. The most abundant families were the Staphilinidae (35%) and the Carabidae

(29%), followed by the Curculionidae (9%), Hydrophilidae (6%), Elateridae (4%), Cryptophagidae (4%), Chrysomelidae (3%) and Leiodidae (3%). All other families Pyruvate dehydrogenase made up less than 2% of the total number of individuals. The ground beetle species (Carabidae) comprised 2,600 individuals belonging to 30 genera and 68 species. Pterostichus melanarius accounted for 33% of the total number of individuals. Other frequently encountered species were Nebria brevicollis (17%), Harpalus rufipes (8%), Anchomenus dorsalis (4%), Bembidion gilvipes (3%), Bembidion properans (3%), Harpalus affinis (3%), Carabus monilis (3%), and Poecilus cupreus (3%). Remaining species made up less than 2% of the total number of individuals. On average, the taxonomic richness was higher for the beetle families and ground beetle species than for the other datasets, whereas the evenness was highest for the VS-4718 arthropod groups (Table 2). According to the coefficients of variation, the spatial variation in abundance, richness, diversity, and evenness was lowest for the arthropod groups and tended to increase towards the ground beetle species (Table 2).