Measurements included the diastolic thickness of the interventricular septum (IVST) and left ventricular posterior wall (PWT), and the internal diameter of the left ventricle at the end of diastole (LVDd) and the end of systole (LVDs). The modified Penn cube formula click here was used to calculate LV mass [16]: ([1.04 × (0.1 × IVST) + (0.1 × PWT)] × 3 − [(0.1 × LVDd) × 3] × 8 + 0.6, and LV

mass was adjusted for body surface area (LVMI). LVH was defined as LVMI > 125 g/m2 in men and >110 g/m2 in women [17]. Definitions of hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia Hypertension was defined as systolic BP ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg or taking an antihypertensive agent. Diabetes mellitus (DM) was defined as HbA1C ≥ 6.5 % or taking an antidiabetic agent. Diabetic patients were identified as those with diabetic nephropathy as the primary cause of CKD. Dyslipidemia was defined Apoptosis inhibitor as serum triglyceride level >150 mg/dl, or serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level <40 mg/dl in men and <50 mg/dl in women. Collection of biological samples

and measurements Whole blood, serum, and urine samples were collected for measurement of serum Cr and cystatin C, HbA1c, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), and urinary www.selleckchem.com/products/Trichostatin-A.html albumin and Cr levels at a central laboratory. Urinary albumin excretion was expressed as the albumin to Cr ratio (ACR). HbA1c was measured by the JDS method, and the value was converted to the A1C value measured by the NGSP method by adding 0.4 % as determined by the Japanese

Diabetes Society. Each clinical center measured serum Cr at each visit. A 24-h urine specimen was collected from each patient once a year to measure the amount of proteinuria. Statistical analysis All variables are reported Branched chain aminotransferase as mean ± SD and frequency. Descriptive statistics of baseline characteristics were calculated by CKD stage, sex, and the presence or absence of LVH. CKD stages were defined according to the patient’s eGFR. Chi-squared test and Student’s t test or one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to detect between-group differences. ACR values had a skewed distribution, and were log-transformed to achieve a normal distribution. Logistic linear regression was used to investigate the relation of LVMI to eGFR, BMI, and log ACR. Univariate logistic regression analyses were performed in an attempt to identify factors related to LVH. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify independent variables related to LVH. We considered some variables that had a P value <0.10 in univariate logistic regression analyses as independent variables for multivariate logistic regression analyses.