Hoffman et al., [42] 21 well-trained young men 42 g protein within a multi-ingredient supplement or a CHO placebo taken once in the morning and again after training No DXA Progressive, periodized resistance training consisting of exercises for all major muscle groups performed 4 days/wk for 12 wks 1 RM bench press strength (but not squat strength) significantly increased in the protein group, while no measures of strength increased in the placebo group No
selleck chemicals llc significant between-group or absolute changes in body composition occurred Willoughby et al., [17] 19 untrained young men 20 g whey-dominant protein or 20 g CX-5461 molecular weight dextrose consumed 1 hour before and after exercise No Hydrostatic weighing, muscle biopsy, surface measurements Progressive resistance training consisting of exercise for all major muscle groups performed 4 days/wk for 10 wks Protein supplementation caused greater increases in relative
strength (maximal strength corrected for bodyweight) in bench press & leg press Significant increase in total body mass, fat-free mass, and thigh mass with protein vs. carb supplementation Eliot et al., [43] 42 untrained MAPK inhibitor older men 35 g whey protein + CHO-electrolyte solution, or whey/CHO + 5 g creatine, or creatine-only, or CHO placebo No DXA and bioelectrical
impedance Progressive resistance training consisting of exercise for all major muscle groups performed 3 days/wk for 14 wks Not measured No significant effects of any of the whey and/or creatine treatments were seen beyond body composition changes caused by training alone Note that creatine treatments were excluded from analysis Mielke et cAMP al., [44] 39 untrained young men 20 g whey protein + 6.2 g of leucine or 20 g maltodextrin 30 minutes before and immediately after exercise No Hydrodensitometry, Dynamic constant external resistance (DCER) bilateral leg extension and bench press exercises were performed 3 days/wk for 8 wks. 1 RM strength increased significantly in both groups without any between-group differences No significant training-induced changes in body composition in either group, Verdijk et al., [21] 28 untrained elderly men 10 g casein hydrolysate or placebo consumed immediately before and after exercise No DXA, CT, and muscle biopsy Progressive resistance training consisting leg press and knee extension performed 3 days/wk for 12 wks 1 RM leg press & leg extension strength increased, with no significant difference between groups No significant differences in muscle CSA increase between groups Hoffman et al.