The Pearson chi-square test was used for categorical data. Furthermore, Spearman’s correlation analysis was used to identify the correlation of BMI with levels of EVP4593 chemical structure Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. All statistical assessments were two-tailed and P-values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 15.0 statistics software (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA). Results A total of 175 subjects (87 boys and 88 girls) with a mean age of 9.87 y (SD = 1.97)

were enrolled for evaluation. As shown in Table  2, demographic information, clinical Ruboxistaurin characteristics, and the presence of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes are shown for each group. Among the groups, significant differences in BMI, SBP, DBP, waist and hip circumference, insulin, and HOMA-IR levels were noted (all P < 0.05).

Obese subjects had significantly greater GW786034 order SBP, waist and hip circumference, as well as HOMA-IR as compared to normal and overweight participants (P < 0.05). Table 2 Subjects’ demographics, characteristics and microbe microbiota data by group Variables Total Normal group Overweight group Obesity group P-values   (n = 175) (n = 91) (n = 62) (n = 22)   Age (y) 9.87 ± 1.97 9.92 ± 1.98 9.65 ± 1.87 10.32 ± 2.19 0.368 Sex         0.906  Boys 87 (49.7) 45 (49.5) 30 (48.4) 12 (54.5)    Girls 88 (50.3) 46 (50.5) 32 (51.6) 10 (45.5)   BMI,

Kg/m2 18.87 ± 3.45 16.53 ± 1.69 20.14 ± 1.83† 24.94 ± 3.11†‡ <0.001* SBP, mmHg 97.66 ± 14.93 94.06 ± 12.68 98.34 ± 13.21 110.64 ± 20.45†‡ <0.001* DBP, mmHg 62.16 ± 9.15 60.38 ± 8.1 63.07 ± 9.15 66.93 ± 11.39† 0.005* Waist, cm 63 ± 8.7 58.27 ± 4.91 65.08 ± 6.75† 76.72 ± 9.22†‡ <0.001* Hip, cm 74.48 ± 9.98 70.26 ± 6.65 76.04 ± 8.7† 87.52 ± 12.41†‡ <0.001* FPG, mmol/L 4.81 ± 0.84 4.88 ± 1.03 4.73 ± 0.57 4.8 ± 0.61 0.569 Triglyceride, mmol/L 1.21 ± 0.53 1.14 ± 0.47 1.27 ± 0.58 1.36 ± 0.55 0.194 Cholesterol, mmol/L 3.67 ± 0.71 3.73 ± 0.71 3.65 ± 0.68 3.52 ± 0.81 0.424 HDL, mmol/L 1.38 ± 0.51 1.35 ± 0.48 1.38 ± 0.56 1.53 ± 0.46 0.206 LDL, mmol/L 1.58 ± 0.43 1.57 ± 0.45 1.58 ± 0.37 1.62 ± 0.48 0.885 Insulin, mmol/L 6.55 ± 3.74 6.1 ± 3.47 6.21 ± 3.28 9.29 ± 4.86‡ 0.006* HOMA-IR 1.42 ± 0.87 1.34 ± 0.83 Mirabegron 1.33 ± 0.76 1.99 ± 1.14†‡ 0.016* Bacteroidetes × 107copies/μL 1.31 ± 1.94 1.5 ± 2.2 1.37 ± 1.77 0.33 ± 0.47† 0.002* Firmicutes × 107copies/μL 2.58 ± 4.52 2.43 ± 4.53 2.05 ± 3.01 4.7 ± 7.01 0.628 Bact/Firm 0.98 ± 0.71 1.06 ± 0.62 1.03 ± 0.82 0.48 ± 0.52†‡ <0.001* (N = 175).