All authors read and approved of the final manuscript.”
“Introduction There appears

to be an element of disconnectedness between scientific evidence and health messages offered to students and athletes. Statements of concern over the effects of ample dietary protein intakes appear in Table 1. Research on healthy populations, however, does not support such concerns. One summary of the literature on this topic, the International CA3 in vitro Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) Position Stand: Protein and Exercise [1] reviewed literature on renal and bone health, among other topics. Although balanced in its inclusion of both negative (no evidence of harm) and positive (extrapolated evidence of potential concern) studies, the position stand was largely without mention of athlete-specific

data on safety topics. Examples of athlete-specific research, although rare, do exist and are included in this review. Three safety issues are commonly mentioned in www.selleckchem.com/products/cx-5461.html popular media and nutrition and dietetic textbooks, while sports governing bodies may focus upon the risk of dietary supplements per se [2, 3]. One issue is renal “”stress”", [2, 4] a second issue is calcium loss and bone catabolism [2, 5, 6] and a third is an assumption that higher protein intakes are higher in saturated fat GSK872 mouse and lower in fiber [2]. Language surrounding these topics can be dissuasive and/or uncertain regarding purposeful consumption of protein for weight control or athletic reasons. (Table 1.) Although difficult to document due to its frequently verbal nature, this is a curious phenomenon considering the lack of evidence, particularly among strength athletes, who are widely known to pursue additional dietary protein for performance or body composition purposes [7]. Table 1 Protein-related statements in educational materials [2] “”Overconsumption of protein offers no benefits and may pose health risks. High protein

diets have been implicated in several chronic diseases including heart disease, cancer, osteoporosis, obesity and kidney stones…”" “”This section briefly describes the relationships between protein intake and bone loss. When protein intake is high calcium excretion rises.”" “”…people take these [protein] supplements for many different reasons, all Neratinib of them unfounded… Like many other magic solutions to health problems, protein and amino acid supplements don’t work these miracles [and] may be harmful.”" “”Normal, healthy people never need protein or amino acid supplements.”" “”Muscle work builds muscle; [protein] supplements do not…”" “”Overconsumption of protein offers no benefits and may pose health risks.”" “”Excesses of protein offer no advantage; in fact, overconsumption of protein-rich foods may incur health problems as well.”" “”Athletes are not only pumping iron these days, they’re also pumping protein supplements in hopes of building muscles…