[49] Although the significance of the decreasing number of Gems in the affected tissues with FUS mutation has yet to be evaluated, this finding reinforces the importance of Gems in ALS. The fine structure of the nucleus, including the nuclear

bodies, might play an important role in regulating cell-specific RNA metabolism. For example, Hutchinson-Gilford Romidepsin progeria syndrome is caused by a mutation in LMNA.[69] Lamin A, a product of LMNA, is a dense network inside the nucleus and participates in chromatin organization.[70-72] Although the mutated lamin A may disturb the function of the nuclear membrane, the mutated lamin also affects chromatin organization and RNA metabolism, resulting in cell death.[69] In addition, the nuclear bodies have more diversity than expected. The diversity and dynamics of nuclear body components might be investigated more fully in each neuron, and neurons or glial cells in neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, the location of a nuclear body in association with other nuclear bodies may be important in the regulation of RNA metabolism. Little research has been conducted on the differences in the nuclear structure between various types of healthy and pathological cells. Closer investigation of the nucleus may help to elucidate the complex system underlying the regulation

of cell identity and clarify the motor neuron system pathology of ALS. This research was supported through a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A), GS-1101 order Grant for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (Foundation of Synapse and Neurocircuit Pathology), and a Tyrosine-protein kinase BLK Research Activity Start-up Grant from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; a Grant-in-Aid from the Research Committee of CNS Degenerative Diseases and Comprehensive Research on Disability Health and Welfare, Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, Japan; a Grant-in-Aid from the Uehara Memorial Foundation; a Grant-in-Aid from the Tsubaki Memorial Foundation; and a Grant-in-Aid

for JSPS Fellows from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. “
“C. O. Chua, G. Vinukonda, F. Hu, N. Labinskyy, M. T. Zia, J. Pinto, A. Csiszar, Z. Ungvari and P. Ballabh (2010) Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology36, 448–458 Effect of hyperoxic resuscitation on propensity of germinal matrix haemorrhage and cerebral injury Aims: Intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) and cerebral injury are major neurological disorders of premature infants. The effect of hyperoxic resuscitation on the occurrence of IVH and cerebral injury is elusive. Therefore, we asked whether hyperoxia during neonatal resuscitation increased the incidence and severity of IVH and cerebral injury in premature newborns. Methods: Premature rabbit pups, delivered by C-section, were sequentially assigned to receive 100%, 40% or 21% oxygen for 15 or 60 min at birth.