, 2008). Plates were incubated either with or without ferric chloride (1 mM) and 2, 2′-dipyridyl (0.5 mM) at 30 °C. Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells were grown in LB to exponential phase. The cells were incubated at 30 °C for 24 h without agitation. Subsequently, the aggregation percentage was obtained according to a previous report GDC941 (Liu et al., 2008). For the

swimming and swarming assay, 2 μL of cells grown overnight were inoculated in plates with modified M9 medium, [20 mM NH4Cl; 12 mM Na2HPO4; 22 mM KH2PO4; 8.6 mM NaCl; 1 mM MgSO4; 1 mM CaCl2 2H2O; 10 mM glucose; 0.5% casamino acids (Difco)] solidified with Bacto-agar (Difco; swimming 0.2%; swarming 0.5%) for 24 h at 30 °C. The pyocyanin assay is based on the absorbance of pyocyanin at 520 nm in acidic solution (Essar et al., 1990). A 5-mL sample of culture grown in LB was extracted with 3 mL

of chloroform and then re-extracted into 1 mL of 0.2 N HCl to give a pink to deep red solution. The absorbance of this solution was measured at 520 nm. To measure pyoverdine production, bacteria were grown in LB to stationary phase and the absorbance of the culture supernatants was measured. Pyoverdine has a characteristic absorbance spectrum with a peak at 403 nm (Hohnadel et al., 1986). Spectral analysis of CFS was performed using an Optizen 2120 UV/VIS spectrophotometer (Mecasys, Korea). Cultures grown in LB underwent NMR analysis. After allowing Osimertinib ic50 the cultures to grow in 50 mL of LB medium (37 °C, 16 h, with agitation), the cells were harvested with centrifugation (4 °C, 1 h, 2800 g). Supernatants were lyophilized until they could be analyzed. All 1H NMR spectra were acquired on a Varian Inova 600-MHz NMR spectrometer (Varian) at ambient temperature. The NMR spectral data were reduced to 0.001 p.p.m. Endonuclease spectral buckets and the region corresponding to water (4.6–4.8 p.p.m.) was removed (Jung et al., 2012). The PM assay of the mioC mutant was performed with chemicals using

the Biolog system (Fig. 1a). Sensitivity to the antibiotics, metals and chelator was detected. Although some antibiotics and metals did not significantly affect the PM results, a mutant strain has resistance or sensitivity under various antibiotics and metals. Therefore, our data suggested that the mioC gene might be involved in antibiotic resistance and metabolism of metals in P. aeruginosa. Sensitivity tests were performed with the wild-type, mioC mutant and mioC over-expressed complementation strains using antibiotics, metals and chelator (Fig. 1b and c). Our laboratory experimental data were consistent with those of the PM assay. The mutant strain was resistant against oxidative stresses, including superoxide [paraquat (PQ)] and peroxide (H2O2 and CHP) stresses (Fig. 1b). The mutant strain was also resist to Amp and Gm antibiotics (Fig. 1b).

After 3 days, several pigmented linear tracks appeared on

her right leg, some extending down to her knee and two of them reaching down to the lateral part of her right foot (Figures 1 and 2). She did not note prior erythema or pain. The configuration of the hyperpigmentation was thought to be too straight and parallel to represent either lymphangitis or a late-onset cutaneous reaction related to degranulation of jellyfish nematocysts. Furthermore, in the case of jellyfish envenomation, the lesions would have been anticipated TSA HDAC mw to appear immediately after stinging and not after a delay of several days. Further inquiry indicated that these hyperpigmented skin lesions were compatible with phytophotodermatitis, caused by the applied lime juice-containing liniment. Phytophotodermatitis was first described in 1942 representing a cutaneous reaction caused by several phototoxic plants, which are known to cause hyperpigmentation after exposure to ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation.[1] A wide range of plants from the Umbelliferae,

Rutaceae, Moraceae, Cruciferae, and Ranunculaceae www.selleckchem.com/products/cx-5461.html family may cause phytophotodermatitis.[2] All these plants synthesize so-called furocoumarins (psoralen isomers), which are naturally occurring compounds capable of causing phototoxic reactions, resulting in the damage of epidermal cells.[3] Besides wild plants like parsnip, celery, fennel, dill, and parsley (all Umbelliferae plants), citrus fruits (Rutaceae) also belong to the group

of furocoumarin-containing plants.[4] Juices from citrus fruits like the lime are known to act as topical photosensitizers, being able to produce an exaggerated sunburn after impregnating skin surfaces with lime juice and subsequent exposure of these skin sites to the sun.[4, 5] This psoralen-induced photosensitive cutaneous reaction is often delayed, ranging from 36 to 72 hours after UVA exposure.[4] The reaction may cause a painful, tender, prickling, or burning sensation new with erythema and edema, although this acute reaction may be so minimal that it is not noted.[3] The lesions on the skin are irregular but well demarcated, sometimes in hand-print shapes or as “drip-marks,” as seen in our patient.[2] In some severe cases blistering is seen, which can be accompanied with systemic symptoms related to toxicity, including fever, nausea, and vomiting.[4] Hyperpigmentation is a common post-inflammatory phenomenon and is caused by an increase in melanin deposition in keratinocytes and dermal macrophages. This phenomenon is self-limiting, but can last for weeks to months.[2-4] Because of the variety in its clinical presentation with regard to the shape and severity of the lesions, diagnosing phytophotodermatitis can be challenging. For example, it is easily mistaken for child abuse or herpes zoster infection.[6] Treatment of acute phytophotodermatitis is mainly symptomatic. Painful erythematous eruptions may respond well to topical corticosteroids and cold compresses.

Only

39% of the 44 pharmacists who agreed to participate in the study provided adequate data, which was a limitation of the study and indicated potential barriers to the generalisability of the study. Conclusion  Clinical medication PLX3397 in vitro reviews in collaboration with general practitioners can have a positive effect on the Medication Appropriateness Index. However, pharmacist withdrawal from the study suggests that community pharmacy may not be an appropriate environment from which to expand clinical medication reviews in primary care. “
“To explore participants’ opinions and preferences on tailored written medicines information. Forty-five participants were recruited to eight focus groups, run concurrently in Australia (23 participants in four groups) and the UK (22 participants in four groups). Participants CH5424802 cell line were provided

with exemplar leaflets for a cardiovascular medicine based on the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor ramipril, which was tailored for a man aged 55 with hypertension. Reference to other indications of the medicine, children’s doses, pregnancy and breast-feeding information were removed. A topic guide directed the discussion and explored preferences and opinions on tailored leaflets. Focus group discussions were recorded, transcribed verbatim and content analysed using adapted cross-case study analysis. Participants welcomed the concept of tailored information, desiring shorter and more relevant information. Information tailored to their condition or disease was most sought-after, followed by tailoring by age or gender. However, some participants voiced concerns about the potential for the wrong information being given to patients who would be unable to recognise that it was incorrect. Other concerns included how tailoring might impact upon the quality of information available and the feasibility of delivery,

especially Etoposide order regarding the legal implications (Australia) and the cost (UK). A key finding was the participants’ desire for a truly individualised approach to tailoring medicines information, as opposed to the generalised tailored information provided in the study. Participants said they would value having spoken communication with a healthcare professional at the same time as they received tailored leaflets. Most participants welcomed tailored leaflets but overall valued a more personalised approach than the generalised tailored information we provided. Despite concerns about quality and delivery, many felt tailoring written medicines information could improve the relevance of the information to the individual and potentially encourage them to value it. “
“Objective  The study objective was to identify demographic risk factors associated with emergency room visits caused by benzodiazepine poisoning. Methods  A retrospective study was conducted utilizing Missouri Hospital Discharge Data for Kansas City, Missouri, USA, for 2001–2007.

With clear benefits for residents and the NHS, this project raises the question whether NHS commissioners should routinely commission clinical pharmacy services within the care home setting? 1. Care Quality Commission. Guidance about compliance – Essential Standards for Quality and Safety. March 2010 2. Barber, ND et al 2009. Care Homes’ use of medicines study: prevalence causes and potential harm of medication errors in care homes for older people Jane Portlock1, Dave Brown2,

Paul Rutter3 1UCL School of Pharmacy, London, UK, 2University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK, 3University of Wolverhampton, RAD001 clinical trial Wolverhampton, UK A qualitative investigation was carried out to determine if Innovators and barriers to innovation could be characterised. The key determinants of successful innovation identified in this study seemed to be the personal characteristics selleck inhibitor of the Innovators and the presence of an appropriate skill mix among the pharmacy staff. Innovators demonstrated an energy and ability

to overcome barriers in developing a new service. In the UK, there is recognition at government level that community pharmacists could make a significant contribution to improving the public’s health and of the need further to integrate pharmacies into the wider public health workforce. The role community pharmacy could play in supporting public health through becoming healthy living pharmacies (HLPs) has been described in the literature. The original intention of HLPs was that pharmacy teams would promote and support healthy living and health literacy, offer patients and the public healthy lifestyle advice, support self-care, treat minor ailments and support patients with long-term conditions.(1). The aim of this research was to

explore the views of pharmacists who had made innovations in practice which could feature in an HLP on the barriers to innovation and the determinants of innovative practice. Case studies from pharmacies around the 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase UK were collected by systematic review of the literature. The term innovative practice was used to describe those pharmacies where one or more activities within a pharmacy and/or the ethos and performance of the entire pharmacy were regarded as exemplary and exemplified HLPs (2). Recognition of barriers has been shown to help support and enhance innovation. Therefore, it was considered useful to record the barriers to innovation which were identified by these Innovators. The interviewee identification process was carried out using an ‘opportunistic’ sampling strategy based on reports from colleagues, peers, organisations (e.g. PSNC, NPA and others) and the key literature.

Previous works stated that only two membranes were Lapatinib present, the vacuolar membrane and one of the two bacterial membranes. The absence of the cell wall was related to the special vertical transmission of the endosymbionts in whiteflies. In this work,

we present electron microscopic studies showing a complete cell envelope in ‘Ca. Portiera aleyrodidarum’ from the whitefly Bemisia tabaci. Additionally, comparison of the inferred metabolism from the gene content did not show any difference in cell envelope biogenesis compared with the closely related three-membrane endosymbionts ‘Candidatus Carsonella ruddii’ and ‘Candidatus Evansia muelleri’ Xc1. Our results rule out the proposal that ‘Ca. Portiera aleyrodidarum’ is an exception to the three-membrane

system. “
“Kosakonia radicincitans (formerly known as Enterobacter radicincitans), an endophytic bacterium was isolated from the symptomatic tissues of bacterial wilt diseased banana (Musa spp.) plant in Malaysia. The total genome size of K. radicincitans UMEnt01/12 is 5 783 769 bp with 5463 coding sequences (CDS), 75 tRNAs, and 9 rRNAs. The annotated draft genome of the K. radicincitans UMEnt01/12 strain might shed light on its role as a bacterial wilt-associated bacterium. “
” Gerd Döring, Professor of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene at the Selumetinib solubility dmso University of Tübingen (Germany), was very much looking forward to attending the 14th International Conference on Pseudomonas, to which he had been invited and where he was going to chair a session on cystic

fibrosis (CF) and lead a discussion on antibiotic therapy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections, in September 2013. But fate had it otherwise. Gerd died on 2 July 2013, after a malignant melanoma had spread to his lung with uncanny speed. Gerd Döring was born in Nürnberg on 30 crotamiton August 1948, and studied chemistry at the University of Tübingen, where he obtained a PhD for his work on transition metal complexes in 1978. From 1977 to his death, Gerd mostly worked at the Hygiene Institute in Tübingen, only interrupted by scientific visits to Niels Høiby’s laboratory in Copenhagen in the 1980s and 1990s and by a study leave in Lyon in 1992. Under the guidance of the former director of the Hygiene Institute, Konrad Botzenhart, Gerd Döring developed a keen interest in P. aeruginosa and in the chronic infections that this bacterium causes in the lung of CF patients. His post doctoral ‘habilitation’ thesis published in 1986 dealt with pathogenic mechanisms of P. aeruginosa (in particular, proteases), their regulation, and consequences for inflammation. In the same year, one of us (DH) met Gerd for the first time at a symposium that he organized on ‘Basic research and clinical aspects of P. aeruginosa’ in Tübingen. At that time, Gerd was intrigued by observations indicating that P. aeruginosa must be well adapted to hypoxic conditions, in particular in the CF lung, and so we decided to test whether the ability of P.

“
“We recorded brain activity when 21 subjects judged the beauty (aesthetic or affective judgment) and brightness (perceptual or cognitive judgment) of simultaneously presented paintings. Aesthetic judgments engaged medial and lateral subdivisions of the orbitofrontal cortex as well as subcortical

stations associated with affective motor planning (globus pallidus, putamen–claustrum, amygdala, and cerebellar vermis), whereas the motor, premotor and supplementary motor areas, as well as the anterior insula and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, were engaged Ruxolitinib manufacturer by both kinds of judgment. The results lead us to conclude: (i) that there is a functional specialization for judgment, with aesthetic judgments engaging distinct systems, in addition to those that they share with perceptual judgments; (ii) that the systems

engaged by affective judgments are those in which activity correlates with polar experiences (e.g. love–hate, beauty–ugliness, and attraction–repulsion); and (iii) that there is also a functional specialization in the motor pathways, with aesthetic judgments engaging motor systems not engaged by perceptual judgments, in addition to GSK J4 concentration those engaged by both kinds of judgment. “
“Most early human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strains are macrophage (M)-tropic HIV variants and use the chemokine receptor CCR5 for infection. Neuronal loss and dementia are less severe among individuals infected with M-tropic strains. However, after several years, the T-cell (T)-tropic HIV strain, which uses the CXCR4 variant, can emerge in conjunction with brain abnormalities, suggesting strain-specific differences in neuropathogenicity. The molecular and cellular mechanisms of such diversity remain under investigation. We have previously demonstrated that HIV envelope protein gp120IIIB, eltoprazine which binds to CXCR4, causes neuronal apoptosis in rodents.

Thus, we have used a similar experimental model to examine the neurotoxic effects of M-tropic gp120BaL. gp120BaL was microinjected in the rat striatum and neuronal apoptosis was examined in the striatum, as well as in anatomically connected areas, such as the somatosensory cortex and the substantia nigra. gp120BaL promoted neuronal apoptosis and tissue loss that were confined to the striatum. Apoptosis was associated with microglial activation and increased levels of interleukin-1β. Intriguingly, gp120BaL increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the striatum. Overall, our data show that gp120BaL demonstrates a different neuropathological profile than gp120IIIB. A better understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms mediating HIV neurotoxicity is vital for developing effective neuroprotective therapies against AIDS-associated dementia complex.

oxyfera-like bacteria to total bacteria reached peak values of 2.80% in summer and 4.41% in winter. Phylogenetic analysis showed n-damo bacteria in the paddy soil were closely related to M. oxyfera and had high diversity in the soil/groundwater ecotone. All of the results indicated the soil/groundwater ecotone

of the Jiangyin paddy field was a favorable environment for the growth of n-damo bacteria. “
“Random mutagenesis Selleckchem Ku0059436 has been used to identify the target DNA sites for the MalI repressor at the divergent Escherichia coli K-12 malX-malI promoters. The malX promoter is repressed by MalI binding to a DNA site located from position −24 to position −9, upstream of the malX promoter transcript start. The malI promoter is repressed by MalI binding from position +3 to position +18, downstream of the malI transcript start. MalI binding at the malI promoter target is not required for repression of the malX promoter. Similarly, MalI binding at the malX promoter target is not required for repression of the malI. Although the malX and malI promoters are regulated by a single DNA site for cyclic AMP receptor protein, they function independently and each is repressed by MalI binding to a different independent Selleckchem HIF inhibitor operator site. The Escherichia coli malX and malY genes encode proteins for the transport and metabolism of an

as yet unidentified substrate (Zdych et al., 1995; Clausen et al., 2000). They are cotranscribed from a single promoter (the malX promoter) whose activity is completely dependent on binding of the cyclic AMP receptor protein (CRP) to a single target centred at position −41.5, i.e. between base pairs −41 and −42, upstream from the malXY transcript start (Reidl & Boos, 1991; Lloyd et al., 2008). Upstream of malX, the divergent malI gene encodes a transcription repressor that represses malXY expression (Reidl et al., 1989). Expression of the malI gene is dependent on a single promoter that controls divergent transcription initiation from a location that is 85 base pairs

upstream from the malX promoter transcription startpoint (Lloyd et al., 2008). The malI promoter is factor-independent, but can be activated ∼1.6-fold by CRP binding Sulfite dehydrogenase to its target at the malX promoter, which is centred at position −43.5 with respect to the malI promoter transcription startpoint (Fig. 1). Sequence analysis shows that MalI is a typical member of the LacI family of transcription repressors (Reidl et al., 1989; Weickert & Adhya, 1992). Most members of this family function as dimers that bind to inverted repeats, and Reidl et al. (1989) identified the sequence 5′-GATAAAACGTTTTATC-3′ as a likely target for MalI-dependent repression of the malX promoter. In this work, we describe a genetic screen to prove that this sequence, located from position −24 to position −9 at the malX promoter, and overlapping the −10 hexamer element, is indeed the binding target for MalI.

At 9 months, the mice

reared in the enriched environment showed a slower type of fibre in slow muscles and a faster type in fast muscles, Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Library purchase improved performance in motor tests, and a modified gait and body posture while walking. The proportion of fibres in the postural muscles of centrifuged mice did not change, but these mice showed improved resistance to fatigue. The suspended mice showed increased persistence of immature hybrid fibres in the tibialis, with a slower shift in the load-bearing soleus, without any behavioural changes. The forced treadmill was very stressful for the mice, but had limited effects on motor output, although a slower profile was observed in the tibialis. These results support the hypothesis that motor experience during a critical period of motor development shapes muscle phenotype and motor output. The different impacts of the various training procedures suggest that motor performance in adults can be optimized by appropriate training during a defined period of motor development. “
“The ability to inhibit action tendencies is vital for adaptive human behaviour. Various paradigms are supposed to assess action inhibition and are often used interchangeably. However, these paradigms are EPZ015666 ic50 based on different conceptualizations

(action restraint vs. action cancellation) and the question arises as to what extent different conceptualizations of inhibitory processing are mirrored in a distinct neural activation pattern. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the neural correlates of action restraint vs. action Megestrol Acetate cancellation. Analyses of local activity changes as well as network connectivity measures revealed a strong overlap of activation within a common action inhibition network including inferior frontal, pre-supplementary motor and thalamic brain areas as well as the anterior cingulate cortex. Furthermore, our findings pointed

to additional neural networks that are distinct for action restraint (i.e. right superior frontal gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus, and bilateral anterior cingulate cortex) and action cancellation (i.e. right middle frontal gyrus, posterior cingulate cortex, and parietal regions). Our connectivity analyses showed that different inhibitory modalities largely relied on a task-independent global inhibition network within the brain. Furthermore, they suggested that the conceptually distinct inhibitory aspects of action restraint vs. action cancellation also activated additional specific brain regions in a task-dependent manner. This has implications for the choice of tasks in an empirical setting, but is also relevant for various clinical contexts in which inhibition deficits are considered a diagnostic feature. “
“In the last decades intrinsic optical imaging has become a widely used technique for monitoring activity in vivo and in vitro.

The current estimates may not reflect the true prevalence of depression; there is evidence that depression may be under-diagnosed learn more among HIV patients [7]. Suffering from a mental disease is often perceived as shameful and may be neglected by both patients and health professionals. Living with

two stigmatizing diseases – HIV and depression – is presumed to be important in the long-term prognosis of HIV patients and for their quality of life [8]. Together with HIV, the symptoms and diagnosis of depression are associated with poor adherence to antiretroviral medication regimens [9–11] and accelerated disease progression [1,12], including the effects of HIV and side-effects caused by treatment [1]. It

is assumed that depression itself is associated with unsafe sex and thus with the risk of transmitting HIV or contracting HIV [13]. Depression also correlates with other traumatic events in the patient’s life or other stressors associated with HIV diagnosis (e.g. constant reminder of illness, daily stress, stigma, isolation), social status and coping strategies as well as excessive consumption of alcohol and substance abuse [3,14,15]. European studies on the relationship between HIV and depression are scarce, and we have identified no European studies on the prevalence of diagnosed depression using both a validated screening method and a clinical interview by a consultant psychiatrist. Many studies rely on self-reported symptom scales and do not use the ‘gold standard’– a structured psychiatric interview – to assess Carfilzomib in vivo depression [6]. Patients’ self-reporting is not a validated method to diagnose major depression [5]. In Denmark, there are no studies on the prevalence of diagnosed depression among HIV-positive patients; we do not

know if depression is comorbid with HIV in this population. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of depression among HIV patients in an out-patient clinic in Denmark using both a validated screening method and a clinical interview by a consultant psychiatrist. From May 2005 to September 2005, 391 HIV patients at the Department of Infectious Diseases at Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark, were recruited to the study. To be Amrubicin eligible, patients had to be diagnosed with HIV, aged 18 or older and be able to read and write Danish. Fifty patients were excluded because they did not read or write Danish, leaving 341 patients eligible for study. All patients gave their written informed consent prior to participation. A questionnaire was mailed to each person, including patient information and a prepaid response envelope. HIV-related information was obtained from both the questionnaire and medical records. The study population was compared to the Danish HIV Cohort regarding baseline characteristics [16].

Freeland Amy Freer Luanne Garcia Hector Gautret Philippe Genasi Fiona Genton Blaise Gergely Anna E. Ghisetti Valeria Ghys Christophe Gkrania-Klotsas Effrossyni Goldsmid John Gonzalez Raquel Goujon Catherine Grobusch Martin P. Grupper Moti Gushulak Brien D. Gust Ian Gutman Julie Hackett Peter H. Hagmann Stefan Halperin John Hamer Davidson H. Hargarten Stephen Hartjes Laurie B. Helmerhorst Hendrik J.F. Herbinger Karl-Heinz Hill David R. Hochedez Patrick Hudson Bernie Imbert Patrick Ito Akira Jauréguiberry Stéphane Jiang Zhi-Dong Jones Michael E. Junghanss

Thomas Katlama Christine Kilpinen Ole Kimura Mikio Kollaritsch Herwig Kotton Camille N. Kozarsky Phyllis Kuepper Thomas Lange John LaRocque Regina C. Lau Colleen L. Launay Odile Lautenschlager Stephan Lauzon Giles Lawson Carl

J. Leder Karin Leenstra Tjalling Leggat Peter Thiazovivin A. Lepelletier Didier Leshem Eyal Lim Poh Lian Lindquist Lars Lopez-Velez Rogelio Loutan Louis Lowe John B. Lunt Neil Macdonald Jamie H. Mackell Sheila MacPherson Douglas W. Magill Alan J. Makin Jennifer Malerczyk Claudius Malvy Denis Maranich Ashley Maves Ryan C. McFarland Lynne Memish Ziad A. Mendelson Marc Mieske Kelly Mouchtouri Barbara Mulhall Brian Muñoz Jose Mutinelli Franco Mutsch Margot Navot Mintzer Dalya Neumann Karl Neupane Pritam Nicastri Emanuele Nishiyama Toshimasa Nohynek Hanna Nothdurft Hans-Dieter Odolini Silvia Pandey Prativa Parola Philippe Petersen Eskild Pierre Marty Pistone Thierry Trichostatin A nmr Pitout Johann Piyaphanee Watcharapong Pontali Emanuele Porter Chad K. Potin Mathieu Potasman Israel Prato

Rosa Price Jason B. Pun Mati Ram Quarto Michele Rapp Christophe Rashid Harunor Reed Christie Rodriguez-Morales Alfonso J. Rombo Lars Ross Mary Salas-Coronas Joaquin Schantz Peter Schlaich Clara Schobersberger Wolfgang Schwartz Eli Scully Mary Louise Sebeny Peter Settgast Ann M. Shaw Marc Shlim David R. Simon Fabrice Slaten Douglas D. Smith Kitty C. Socolovschi Cristina Sonder Gerard Steffen Robert Streltzer John Suwancharoen Duangjai O-methylated flavonoid Tabet J. Takeshita Nozomi Teitelbaum Peter Tenorio Antonio Tepper Martin Thai Khoa T.D. Thakur K. Thellier Marc Toovey Stephen Torgerson P. Torresi Joseph Truong Hong-Ha M. Tubiana R. Valk Thomas Van Aalsburg Rob Van Genderen Perry Van Gompel Alfons Vilella Anna Walker Jonathan Wei Wang Weiss Laurence Welch Paul G.J. Werlinrud Anne Marie Whipple Beverly Wichmann Dominic Wilde Henry Wilder-Smith Annelies Wilson Mary E. Wong Claire Woolley Torres Zavala Castro Jorge Zimmer Rudy “
“On behalf of all the authors of articles published in Volume 17:1–6 of the Journal of Travel Medicine, the Editorial Office wishes to express its gratitude to the peer reviewers: Abdullah Abu S.M. Alborzi Abdolvahab Alexander James L. Al-Omar Mohammed Alonso David Anderson Susan Antinori Spinello Antoniou Maria Apelt N. Arguin Paul M. Arya Subhash C. Askling Helena Auer Herbert Backer Howard Bailey Sarah Lou Baldwin A. Barnett Elizabeth D. Barrett A.D.