e. omissions, additions and substitutions). All errors were independently rated by a senior psychiatrist and a senior clinical psychologist to determine whether the errors were likely to have a bearing on clinical decisions concerning the patient and to rate whether errors deemed clinically
significant contributed to making the patient appear more ill psychiatrically, or less ill. Of the 57 errors recorded, 46% were rated as likely to have an impact on the goal of the clinical session. Raters concurred that the clinically significant errors contributed towards potentially making the patient look more psychiatrically ill. Detailed analyses of evaluations demonstrate the complexity of informal interpreter positioning regarding Selleckchem MK 2206 issues of diagnosis and cultural factors in illness. Evaluations conducted where clinicians and interpreters are not trained in language and interpreting issues may create a distorted picture of the patients’ mental health conditions. (C) 2014
Published by Elsevier Ltd.”
“N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are ionotropic glutamate receptors widely distributed in the central nervous system, and have been extensively investigated for their roles in embryonic development, synaptic plasticity and neuroexcitoxicity. Their functions in the peripheral nervous system and non-neural tissues have caught much Selleckchem HKI-272 attention recently. Over-activation of NMDA receptors induces excitotoxic lung injury. But the endogenous cell types in the lungs that express NMDA receptors remains elusive and the
molecular mechanism underlies NMDA-induced lung injury has not been fully characterized. In this work, we reported that functional NMDA receptors were expressed in alveolar type II cells in the lungs. click here Over-activation of these receptors led to down-regulation of pulmonary surfactants synthesis. We further demonstrated that decreased cellular choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase alpha expression induced by NMDA treatment accounted for the decreased pulmonary surfactants synthesis. Our results provided important clues for treatment of glutamate lung injury by modulating pulmonary surfactants system.”
“GIT (G protein-coupled receptor kinase-interacting protein) and PIX (p21-activated kinase-interacting exchange factor) family proteins integrate signaling pathways involving Arf and Rho family GTPases. GIT1 and beta-PIX form a constitutively associated complex that acts as a scaffold to allow the formation of large multiprotein assemblies that regulate synaptogenesis, cell polarity and cell migration among other physiological processes. Complex formation is mediated by the GIT binding domain (GBD) in beta-PIX, which recognizes the Spa homology domain of GIT1. Both binding domains are adjacent to predicted coiled-coil segments that allow homo-oligomerization of GIT1 and beta-P1X, respectively.