There were several important limitations in this study. Awareness of PREP among HIM participants was not ascertained, and thus it was not possible to assess the relationship between PREP knowledge and willingness to participate in PREP trials. The question on willingness to participate in trials using ARVs to prevent HIV infection potentially included men’s attitudes to PREP and/or NPEP trials. Caspase inhibitor However, as the intervention is

the same (oral antiviral therapy), it is feasible that men’s attitudes towards participation in PREP and NPEP trials would be similar. This study demonstrates that Australian gay men have had little experience with PREP use and that most are unaware of rectal microbicides. About half would be willing to consider participation in a trial of ARV therapy as prevention, and about one-quarter would consider participation in a trial of rectal microbicides. With its concentrated HIV epidemic, Australia is a potential site to trial such biomedical HIV prevention technologies. Extensive community education on these technologies,

in particular rectal microbicides, and any potential role they might play in HIV prevention, would be required before PREP or rectal microbicides could be trialled in populations of gay Australian men. The authors thank all the participants, the dedicated HIM study team and the participating doctors and clinics. The National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research and the National Centre in HIV Social Research are funded by the Australian Government Department of Health Selleck Lumacaftor and Ageing. The Health in Men Cohort study was funded mafosfamide by the National Institutes of Health, a component of the US Department of Health and Human Services (NIH/NIAID/DAIDS: HVDDT Award N01-AI-05395), the National Health and Medical Research Council in Australia (Project grant no. 400944), the Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing (Canberra) and the New South Wales Health Department (Sydney). IMP is supported by a National

Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Public Health Postgraduate Scholarship. The authors have no conflict of interest. “
“Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has emerged as an important health problem in the era of effective HIV treatment. However, very few data exist on the health status and disease burden of HIV/HCV-coinfected Canadians. HIV/HCV-coinfected patients were enrolled prospectively in a multicentre cohort from 16 centres across Canada between 2003 and 2010 and followed every 6 months. We determined rates of a first liver fibrosis or endstage liver disease (ESLD) event and all-cause mortality since cohort enrolment and calculated standardized mortality ratios compared with the general Canadian population. A total of 955 participants were enrolled in the study and followed for a median of 1.4 (interquartile range 0.5–2.3) years. Most were male (73%) with a median age of 44.